Border Security of the Southern Parts of US and the European Union - 3300 Words

Border Security of the Southern Parts of US and the European Union (Research Paper Sample) Content: Border Security of the Southern Parts of US the European Union By [Studentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Name] [Professorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Name] [Course Name] [City, State] [Date of Submission] Introduction The situation of security along the United States -Mexico border without a doubt ranks as one of the most extremely charged subjects of public debate and discussion in both the United States and Mexico for the past several years. Concerns regarding potential threats posed by those entering the United States illegally, global terrorism, and fears that skyrocketing hostility in Mexico might extended into the United States have led to remarkable policy changes and important new investments by the United States to put measure into place to protect the border. Debates on border security cannot be completely disentangled from or effectively attended to in isolation from other policy fields such as trade and the environment. The promise of increased commerce and free trade among the United States and Mexico has never been stronger, but ironically, fears about border security have also slowed economic incorporation and had a discordant consequence on border societies.[Bender, S. (2012). Run for the border: Vice and virtue in U.S.-Mexico border crossings. New York: New York University Press.] Discussion Addressing the intricate interplay involving prosperity and security at the border is further made difficult by the perplexing assortment of overlying networks of local agencies state and federal, given the responsibility of keeping the border area and the two countries safe. Different policies such as the United Statesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ war on global terrorism; free trade accords such as NAFTA and the imminent Trans-Pacific Partnership; United Statesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢ immigration strategy; the Mexican federal governmentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s policy to deal with organized crime; the Merida Initiative; police and judicial organization reform in Mexico; a swiftly shifting governmental architecture; building cross-border and interagency alliance and trust; trade facilitation and border management all take place in some fashion at the border sometimes efficiently and effectively, and in other cases very inefficiently. All this has taken place in a situation in which United States-Mexico mut ual relations have turned out to be both more mutual and more contentious at the same time. For the duration of the months and years subsequent the 9/11 terrorist attacks, United States extensive and reasonably porous and unprotected borders, predominantly the United States-Mexico Border was drawn intensely into the state conversation about national security. Border security became part of the general scrutiny and rethinking of United States national security susceptibilities, which included transportation systems and other vital infrastructure security. Ironically, the 9/11 terrorists did not go into the United States over the southern or northern border but rather entered legally on immigrant and student visas. Nonetheless, fears that united state borders could be susceptible to terrorist incursions have led to a number of significant policy resolutions. Major reinforcement of the border with supplementary staff, infrastructure, and equipment, to make the entrance more difficult became the most important way policy-makers sought after to address apparent border vulnerabilities. Along the way, these fears were conflated with an increasing call for limiting immigration policy, and the proposed sealing of the border to deny entry to undocumented migrants, criminals and to bring to an end the exploding violence in Mexico from crossing into the United States. Regardless of these concerns, a variety of public announcements, such as speeches, testimony, among others, on the part of federal government officials in different agencies state a common subject: no considerable terrorist risk to the United States has turned up in Mexico nor infiltrated the United States-Mexico border since the year two thousand and one.[NATO Advanced Research Workshop on Security and Cross/Border Cooperation in the EU, the Black Sea Region and Southern Caucasus, E rgun, A., IÃÅ'†¡saxanlÄ ±, H., IOS Press. (2013). Security and cross-border cooperation in the EU, the Black Sea Region and Southern Caucasus. Amsterdam: IOS Press.] The president of the United States, in a bid to secure the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s borders, has doubled the number of Border Patrol agents subsequently making the security in the border as strong as it had never been before. More work, however is to be done as the Presidentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s actions gives law enforcement the tools they need to make the communities safer from crime. And by improving the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s infrastructure and technology, the Presidentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s proposal continues to reinforce the United States ability to eliminate criminals and detain and take legal action on threats to the national security. Policies to strengthen border security and infrastructure have also been put into place so as to fortify and improve infrastructure at ports of entry, facilitate public-private partnerships meant at realizing an increase in investment in foreign visitor processing, and persists supporting the utilization of technologies that assist in securing the maritime borders and land of the United States. Additional policies to Combat transnational crime have been employed that have led to the creation of new criminal penalties devoted to fighting transnational criminal organizations that smuggle people and that traffic in drugs, weapons, and money across the borders. It also expands the extent of current law to permit for the confiscation. Through this approach, the United States will strengthen its efforts to deny criminal organizations, including those with their operations along the Southwest border, of their infrastructure and profits.[Romero, F. (2008). Hyperborder: The contemporary U.S.- Mexico border and its future. New York: Princeton Architectural Press.] The United States has also improved partnerships with border communities and law enforcement in order to expand its ability to work with its cross-border law enforcement partners. The peopleà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s cooperation and trust are key to successful law enforcement. To this end, the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) has established border community liaisons along the Southern and Northern borders to develop collaboration and communication with border communities, increase funding to tribal government partners to decrease illegal activity on tribal lands, and fortify training on civil liberties and civil rights for Department of Homeland Security immigration officers. Crack down on criminal networks engaging in visa and passport fraud and human smuggling has also been a vital strategy in securing the United States borders. The creation of hard-hitting criminal penalties for trafficking in passports and immigration documents and plots to deceive, including those who prey on vulnerable immigrants through notary's scam, has been implemented. There has also been an increase in the strengthening of penalties to combat human smuggling rings. For the first time, Department of Homeland Security unmanned aerial capabilities now covers the entire Southwest border, from California to Texas, providing significant above ground surveillance support to personnel on the ground. Department of Homeland Security has also accomplished six hundred and forty-nine miles of fencing out of nearly six hundred and fifty-two miles intended to be fenced. Immigration of the Customs and Enforcement (ICE), the arm of Department of Homeland Security responsible for immigration-related investigations, has increased the number of Federal agents dispatched on the Southwest border. These supplementary personnel are working in conjunction with the Department of Justice (DOJ) to discover, interrupt, and take apart criminal organizations, to facilitate collaboration between the Mexican and the United States law enforcement authorities on enforcement and investigations operations, and to track down and prevent cartel violence and fewer people are attempti ng to cross our borders illegally.[In Gerdes, L. I. (2014). Should the US close its borders?] In the Twenty-First Century Initiative of the border, the United States by making succinct collaboration with the Mexican Government to advance harmonization in financing, building, planning, and operating bi-national infrastructure; to improve cross-border business and ties while managing common threats of both countries; and to augment law enforcement collaboration to disrupt criminal flows and improve public security. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) has formed the Office of the Non-Governmental Organization in Liaison with the Commissionerà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s Office, which works directly with CBP to train the traveling stakeholders and public. Moreover, CBP executed a national Border Community Liaison Program in all of the twenty Border Patrol Sectors and the Border Patrol Academy for the society to be trained more about the Border Patrol. These liaisons center principally on outreach with community groups and help law enforcement understand the concerns and views of people living in border towns. The ability to move freely within the European Union by its citizens is an essential right guaranteed by the Treaties. It is realized through the area of freedom, justice and security without internal borders. Lifting internal borders necessitates fortified management of the Unionà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s external borders as well as controlled entry and residence of non-European Union nationals, including through a common immigration and asylum policy.[European Commission. (2006). Communication from the Commission to the Council: Reinforcing the management of the European Union's Southern Maritime Borders. Luxembourg: EUR-OP.] The notion of free moveme...